French philosopher, August Comte found positivism. He believed that reasoning, observation, and duly combined are the means of the knowledge. He also emphasized that what is now understood when human speaks of an explanation of facts is simply the establishment of a connection between single phenomena and some general facts (Jennings, 2007). The following paragraph describes the main characteristics of positivism.

Positivism is using brief, clear, concise discussion and does not use a descriptive story from human feelings or subjective interpretation. It does not allow any interpretation because of the value-free reason. The research reflects some theories or basic concepts and applies it to the object of study. Generally, researchers generate a hypothesis as an initial prediction after showing theories. Positivism separates the observer to the thing of research due to the aim to gain an objective and value-free. This research is looking for causal phenomena and correlation of the results.

Moreover, it is trying to generalize the result to prove a universal law. This study solely uses the number as variable and emphasizes the use of statistical methods for processing such empirical data. Thus, the positivism paradigm is only using quantitative methods.